The chief of Ephraim, who made the offerings for his brothers, was Elishama, son of Ammihud (Num. But Ephraim, Manasseh, and Benjamin, descendants of Rachel, marched together, Ephraim in the lead, and camped west of the Tabernacle (Num. At the time of the Exodus Ephraim appears to have been numerically one of the smaller tribes (40,500 warriors, while Judah is credited with 74,600, Zebulun with 57,400, Manasseh with 32,200, and Benjamin with 35,400: Num. 21, 22) preserves only a vague reminiscence of a cattle-raid in which the tribe was ingloriously beaten by the aboriginal people of Gath. Of its earlier history, an obscure gloss (I Chron. The tribe named after its eponym, Ephraim, the second son of Joseph (Gen. 5a), were added to the Shema' recited on retiring. 16) constitute one of the "pesuḳe de raḥame," verses petitioning protection which, according to the saying of Abaye (Ber. It is of interest to note that the words of Jacob's blessing (Gen. Nehemiah claims that the expression denotes the power of Jacob to "instruct" and guide the holy spirit ( ib.). Judah, really reads "shikkel," and signifies that Jacob despoiled Manasseh in favor of Ephraim (Pesiḳ.
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Connecting it with "sekel" (mind, wisdom), Targum Onḳelos construes it as indicating that Jacob acted with full knowledge (see also Rashi and Ibn Ezra to the verse). Thisverb, which occurs only in this passage, has given rise to curious rabbinical interpretations.
While blessing, Jacob crosses ( ) his hands in order to place his right hand upon the head of Ephraim. For arguments against this theory see Koenig, "Einleitung in das Alte Testament," pp. 2 et seq.) declare Ephraim to have been a later personification (compare Gunkel, "Genesis," p. 199) and Guthe ("Geschichte des Volkes Israel," 1899, pp. 34) sometimes the order is reversed (Num. The successive development of these conditions is also reflected in the circumstance that in the enumerations of the tribes Manasseh sometimes precedes Ephraim (Num. 1, indicates the gradual disintegration of the tribe of Reuben, and the rise to prominence of the Joseph division. That the birthright of Reuben is given to Joseph's sons, as is stated in I Chron. From Joseph, Manasseh was first to separate: hence he is the elder but Ephraim, increasing in importance and number, outstrips the brother clan. 13-17) in the form of a personal experience in the family of the patriarch. This episode puts the historical fact that Ephraim and Manasseh (and Benjamin) originally constituted one tribe (see Gen. 1-20), Joseph unsuccessfully attempting to prevent the preference of the younger. Nevertheless, Jacob, while blessing both, confers on Ephraim the rights of the firstborn, to be unto him "as Reuben and Simeon" (Gen. He was the younger of the two sons born to Joseph before the famine, Manasseh being the elder (Gen. The name is connected with the root ("to be fruitful": Gen.
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